sleep spindle การใช้

• Sleep spindles in the stage 2 figure are underlined in red.
• In learning before sleep spindles are redistributed to neuronally active upstates within slow oscillations.
• The relationship between sleep spindles and declarative memory consolidation is not yet fully understood.
• Stage 3 sleep has more sleep spindles.
• Loss of sleep spindles are also a feature of familial fatal insomnia, a prion disease.
• Other transient features are normal : vertex waves and sleep spindles are seen in normal sleep.
• They appear spontaneously across the early stages, usually in the second stage, much like the sleep spindles.
• This supports the hypothesis that sleep spindle helps to consolidate recent memory traces but not memory performance in general.
• A study, using 49 rats indicated the increase of sleep spindles during slow-wave sleep following learning.
• Using an EEG, sleep spindles were detected and showed to be present only during slow-wave sleep.
• He eventually concluded Genie had been mentally retarded from birth, specifically citing her significantly elevated number of sleep spindles.
• However, unlike sleep spindles, they can be voluntarily induced by transient noises such as a knock at the door.
• The EEG during this phase is normally irregular, but contains periods of theta activity, sleep spindles, and K complexes.
• He first identified the alpha rhythm, which he called the Berger rhythm, and later identified the beta rhythm and sleep spindles.
• K complexes are sudden, sharp waveforms, which, unlike sleep spindles, are usually found only during stage 2 of sleep.
• Results showed that during the first hour following learning, there was the most evident effect on learning-modulated sleep spindle density.
• Characterized as periodic episodes of aroused EEG activity ( more sleep spindles and K-complexes ) followed by a period of more quiet sleep.
• In contrast, Schabus and Gruber point out that sleep spindle activity only relates to performance on newly learned memories and not to absolute performance.
• They appear to play a role in memory consolidation, and increased number of sleep spindles are correlated with increased scores on tests of intelligence.
• Sleep spindles are short bursts of waves of 12 14 Hz that occur between two and five times a minute during states 1-4 of sleep.